Pros Cons of GMOs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 881 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: GMO Essay Did you like this example? Throughout history, scientific research and the exploration of new technologies have always been areas of extreme controversy and heated debate. This can be primarily attributed to the fact that they touch upon and affect many aspects of people’s lives, not to mention their direct interference with political, social and religious matters. One of the latest and most ferociously debated technologies, that the scientific community has offered humanity, is the technology of Genetically Modified Organisms and in particular genetically modified foods. A Genetically Modified food is crop plant modified in a laboratory using molecular biology techniques with the goal of producing an organism with specific traits for various reasons. It is therefore only logical, given its nature that such a practice would both raise some serious ethical and moral questions as well as propose very viable solutions to chronic problems the world faces today. An area in which Genetically Modified Organisms are relatively prevalent is agriculture. Genetically Modified foods are created to serve the purpose of creating a crop plant for animal or plant utilization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pros Cons of GMOs" essay for you Create order According to Deborah B. Whitman, outcomes of the genetic modifications are desirable and seemingly harmless characteristics such as making the crop more pest resistant, disease resistant, herbicide resistant, or more nutritionally valuable. In addition to these advantages, this technology also has the potential to solve a very serious issue facing less developed countries; the issue of medication and pharmaceutics. Since the development and mass production of vaccination is very costly and requires a high degree of scientific advancement, many third world countries face a challenge when it comes to that aspect. GM food researchers have the ability to potentially integrate medications and vaccines into crops, thus solving this problem. The use of these techniques can also yield more crops which can help solve food shortages. With the global population hitting almost 6 billion, many parts of the world are bound to face food shortage problems. A continent such as Africa that suffers from a constant increase in population, combined with bad soil and dreadful weather conditions could surely benefit from such technologies. GM foods would definitely help solve this continent’s plight. There are, however, some very serious potential disadvantages. This seemingly incredible technology comes with a very serious price; the use of GM foods in mass agricultural production has the potential to present humanity with an array of consequences that can negatively affect human health, economic prosperity and the environment. Amongst the most potentially destructive effects of GM foods is its potential effect on human health. A significant part of the process relies on the introduction of certain proteins to organisms. Some of these proteins have never been ingested previously by human making their long term effects whether they could be good or bad unknown. The intake of GM foods might also result in unexpected allergic reactions. This happens because the process of developing GM foods sometimes involves the splitting or sharing of genes between organisms. For example if there is a desirable characteristic in organism A, the gene responsible for that characteristic can be extracted or duplicated then installed in organism B , that way both organisms have that desirable quality. The problem occurs when a person who is allergic to organism A ingests organism B (which in this case carries organism A’s gene), which then his body reacts to the newly introduced gene causing various potential harmful effects. The use of GMOs can also affect not only the organism subject to the modification but also the surrounding environment. This occurs specifically during the transfer of pollen between plants during reproduction. For example a plant that has been genetically modified to in order to be resistant to a certain pest can also harm other useful organisms that interact with it. The use of GM foods also affects the economy, both on a global and national scale. The use of GM foods can permanently damage the economy of developing countries. That is because developing countries do not have the technology or capital to develop the GM foods technology, thus putting them in a position where they can’t globally compete with developed countries that produce more and can sell at a cheaper price. Like all newly emerging technologies, the use of GMOs in food production has been met with much opposition from different groups, which is due to the ethical questions that the use of this technology raises. The use of GMOs does however propose solutions to some of the most pressing problems of our time, such as food shortages. It is therefore necessary and obligatory of the international community to carefully examine the long-term effects that the use of such practice might cause. This must happen before making definite judgments and decisions regarding the use of GMOs and more importantly GM foods. [ 1 ]. Whitman, Deborah B. Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? † Apr. 2000. Web. 24 Apr. 2010. . [ 2 ]. Whitman, Deborah B. Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? † Apr. 2000. Web. 24 Apr. 2010. . [ 3 ]. Whitman, Deborah B. Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? † Apr. 2000. Web. 24 Apr. 2010. . [ 4 ]. Executive Summary from the Genetically Modified Organism Exploratory Committee, https://www. macalester. edu/~montgomery/gmos2. htm [ 5 ]. Executive Summary from the Genetically Modified Organism Exploratory Committee, https://www . macalester. edu/~montgomery/gmos2. htm [ 6 ]. Scientific Facts on Genetically Modified Crops, https://www. greenfacts. org/en/gmo/2-genetically-modified-crops/5-gene-flow. htm

Flatback Sea Turtle Facts

Flatback turtles (Natator depressus) live primarily on the continental shelf of Australia and nest only on Australian beaches. Despite their limited range, probably less is known about this sea turtle species than the other six sea turtle species, which are more wide-ranging. Initial classification of flatback turtles led scientists to think they were related to Kemps ridley or green sea turtles, but evidence in the 1980s led scientists to determine that they were a separate, genetically distinct species. Description The flatback turtle (also called the Australian flatback) grows to about 3 feet in length and weighs about 150-200 pounds. These turtles have an olive-colored or gray carapace and pale yellow plastron (bottom shell). Their carapace is soft and often turns up at its edge. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ReptiliaOrder: TestudinesFamily: CheloniidaeGenus: NatatorSpecies: depressus (referred to as depressa in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)) Habitat and Distribution Flatback turtles are found in the Pacific Ocean, primarily in waters off Australia and Papua New Guinea and occasionally off Indonesia. They tend to frequent relatively shallow, coastal waters less than 200 feet deep. Feeding Flatback turtles are omnivores that  feed on invertebrates such as jellyfish, sea pens, sea cucumbers, crustaceans and mollusks, and seaweed. Reproduction Flatback turtles nest along the northern coast of Australia, from Western Australia to Queensland. Males and females mate offshore. Mating often results in bites and scratches in the females soft skin, which later heal. Females come ashore to lay their eggs. They dig a nest that is about 2 feet deep and lay a clutch of 50-70 eggs at one time. They may lay eggs every 2 weeks during the nesting season and return every 2-3 years to nest. Although the egg clutch size of flatback turtles is relatively small, flatbacks lay unusually large eggs - even though they are a medium-sized turtle, their eggs are almost as big as those of the leatherback - a much larger species. The eggs weigh about 2.7 ounces. The eggs incubate for 48-66 days. The length of time depends on how warm the nest is, with warmer nests hatching sooner. The baby turtles weigh 1.5 ounces when they hatch and carry undigested yolk, which will nourish them during their initial time at sea. Flatback turtle nest and hatchling predators include saltwater crocodiles, lizards, birds, and crabs. Once they reach the ocean, hatchlings do not go into deeper waters like other sea turtle species but stay in shallow waters along the coast. Conservation The flatback turtle is listed as Data Deficient on the IUCN RedList, and vulnerable under the Australian Environment Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act. Threats include harvesting for eggs, bycatch in fisheries, nest and hatchling predation, entanglement in or ingestion of marine debris and habitat destruction and pollution. References and Further Information Australian Government. EPBC Act List of Threatened Fauna.IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group. Flatback Turtle: Natator depressus .Red List Standards Petitions Subcommittee 1996. Natator depressus.  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Spotila, James R. Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior and Conservation 2004. The Johns Hopkins University Press.SWOT. State of the Worlds Sea Turtles.Waller, Geoffrey, ed. SeaLife: A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. 1996.

There Are Many Types Of Conditioning That People Used To

There are many types of conditioning that people used to learn things. The first type of condition that we talk about in this paper is classical condition. The second type of conditioning is called operant conditioning. And the last type of conditioning is vicarious conditioning / Observational Learning. These are the 3 main types of conditioning that we use in are daily life. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one of the most basic forms of learning that we use today. You can see it being used in things like pet training to teaching kids how to do something. The term classical conditioning means â€Å"learning to elicit an involuntary, reflex –like response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally†¦show more content†¦Operant conditioning Operant condition focus on how an organisms learns a response a voluntary responses and how they can be guided though positive and negative reinforcement. Thorndike’s puzzle box he place a hungry cat inside a box with food on the outside. The only thing the cat had to do was press the lever and escape to get the food. Though at first it took a while for the cat to get out but after few trials with each getting faster. With the time getting fast and faster it was pretty safe so assume the cat figure out a way to get out of the box was to push the lever. Which lead to the law of effect â€Å"if an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated† (Ciccarelli White, 2017 p.188). This is an example of positive reinforcement the cat escaping from the box there is food to reward when it is successful. Here are the two kinds of reinforcement there is positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is when you add a reward and negative reinforcement is the removal of a thing. We also have primary and secondary enforcements that are a part of this as well. An example of would be when I go to work for Meijer pushing carts I get reward with a paycheck once a week which is a second dairy reinforcement. Money is a secondary reinforcement because you can use it to get other goods vs a primary which you can use yourself like food and clothing. Another example of operant conditioning that is a negativeShow MoreRelatedPavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesPavlov’s Classical Conditioning vs. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. 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Human Detection for Robotic Urban Search and Rescueâ€Free samples

Question: Describe about the Human Detection for Robotic Urban Search and Rescue? Answer: There are five articles considered for the literature review of the research topic. The review is done on multiple dimensions of exploration, development and technical aspects of the robotics applied for the search and rescue in disaster zones. The selected articles contribute the research in various aspects and dimensions. The technology of robotics deal with the machines that is automated with intended design and development to take the place of humans, especially in dangerous or hazardous environments. Amil Lafih and Naweed Meer have given good overview of the rescue robots in their article. The overview covers wider timeline from background to the future of the rescue robots in the robotics, as well as the multiple dimensions, like different kinds of rescue robots, the process of deployment and process of rescue in both natural and manmade disasters in the world. The real time usage of the rescue robots are detailed along with the example rescue robots deployed in World Trade Center, Hurricane Katrina, Sogo Mine, etc. in their article. Yeh S, Hsu C. have dug the deeper technical aspects of the rescue robots with remote control. Different wireless communication systems are discussed and compared to adapt to the rescue robots, detailing the corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Wireless communication systems IEEE 802.11g and ZigBee are explored in detail with hardware realization, function, operating and its resultant simulations. The technical aspects described in detailed manner are inspiring the newer aspirants of robotics technology and stand as motivation factor to improve the technology. In another article written by Trupti, Satyanarayana and Moresh, mobile rescue robots are described of how these are used in detecting the human body in the disaster sites, during the rescue operations. Designing aspects like its microcontroller, sensor, camera, robot driver and transmission units along with the communication among them through software are well described. In another article written by De Cubber, G. the development of unmanned search and rescue robots called Search and Rescue Robots, SAR is another interesting learning in the research. Combination of various kinds of rescue robots and various technologies in robots are revealed from the ICARUS project. Matsuno, Sato, Kon have articulated, what and how they have deployed the rescue robots in the major disaster in the world, Tsunami. Specifications of the robots are well described. The interesting part of this article is what activities are done, how the timely decisions are taken to effectively utilize the rescue robots to recover from this disaster. The sequence of activities and the respective lessons learned in real time disaster recovery is a good learning in this research work. The united effort to recover the disaster underwater is real time example towards exploring the achievements and challenges of the robotics technologies. All the five articles are informative and enforced learning in various aspects and dimensions of the robotics. The articles enriched the literature review touching the technology in multiple dimensions. However, there are certain limitations in the scope and content of each article, as each one covered limited aspects of the robotics technology, still each piece of information is valuable for this research. References: 1. Burion, Steve (2004), Casper, J. (2002), Amerada, Yams, Igarashit, Matsunos, (2004) and Cappello, C., etal (2005) Human Detection for Robotic Urban Search and Rescue Carnegie Mellon University, Institute of Production Robotique (IPR) LSRO2 VRAI-Group, Microtechnique, February 2004.2. Habib, M K (2006). Service Robots and Humanitarian demining. Chapter 23 in Mobile Robotics: Toward New Applications, (Ed.) A. Lazinica, ARS- proliterature Verlag Publishers, pp. 449-480.3. Baca, M. Ferre, R. Aracil and A. Campos. 2010. A Modular Robot Systems Design and Control Motion Modes for Locomotion and Manipulation Tasks. International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.4. Z.(2008). Hsu. C. (2008). Shih. T.(2008). Remote Control Realization of Distribution Rescue Robot via the Wireless Network, 2928 2932. Retrieved from https://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/articles/4655164 (20 -22/08/2008)5. Amil Lafin, Naweed Meer, An Overview of Rescue Robots. Retrieved from https://www.idt.mdh.se/kur ser/ct3340/ht11/MINICONFERENCE/FinalPapers/ircse11_submission_7.pdf on 10/3/20156. Trupti B. Bhondve, Prof.R.Satyanarayan, Prof. Moresh Mukhedkar, Mobile Rescue Robot for Human Body Detection in Rescue Operation of Disaster, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.3, Issue 6, June 2014. Retrieved from https://www.ijareeie.com/upload/2014/june/12_Mobile.pdf on 10/03/20157. De Cubber, G, Serrano, D. Berns, K. Chintamani, K. Sabino R. and Ourevitch, S. Search and Rescue Robots Developed by the European ICARUS Project. European Communitys Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 285417.8. Matsuno F, Sato N, Kon K, Igarashi H, Kimura T and Murphy R. Utilization of Robot Systems in Disaster Sites of the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. Field and Service Robotics, 1 Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics 92, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40686-7_1, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014